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Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a southwestern state of
the United States and its U.S.
postal abbreviation is OK. Oklahoma
was the last remnant of the Indian
Territory. State nickname: Sooner State
USS Oklahoma was named in honor of
this state.
Capital Oklahoma City
Largest City Oklahoma City
Area Ranked 20th
- Total 181,196 km2
- Land 178,023 km2
- Water 3,173 km2
- % water 1.8%
Population Ranked 27th
- Total (2000) 3,450,654
- Density 19/km2
History Admittance into
Union 46th
Oklahoma was inhabited by Native - Order
American tribes including the Caddo. - Date November 16, 1907
Descendants of these people still Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5
live in the state. The name Oklahoma
comes from the language of the Latitude 33æ35'N to 37æN
Choctaw people, who came in the Longitude 94æ29'W to 103æW
1830s. "Okla" roughly means "the Width 355 km
people" and "homa" means "red". Length 645 km
Elevation
In the 1500s Spanish explorers -Highest 1,516 meters
became the first Europeans to visit -Mean 395 meters
the area. -Lowest 88 meters
Later on Oklahoma was part of the ISO 3166-2: US-OK
vast territorial swapping going on between European powers France and Spain.
In the 1830s Oklahoma served as the relocation area for the policy of Indian
Removal started by Andrew Jackson. The end of the Trail of Tears (Tsa La Gi)
was "Indian Territory". There were already many tribes living in the
territory, whites, and escaped slaves as well.
The "Five Civilized Tribes" were not the only ones forced to Oklahoma.
Nations such as the Delaware, from the northeast US, Kiowa, Comanche,
Cherokee, and others were forced to move to Oklahoma. Descendants of these
people still live in Oklahoma today. Counties with the names of these tribes
also exist.
The five civilized tribes set up towns such as Tulsa, Tahlequah, and
Muskogee, which became some of the larger towns in the state. They also
brought their African slaves to Oklahoma, which added to African-American
population in the region.
During the American Civil War many tribes were internally split between
Confederates and Yankees. There were several battles fought in Oklahoma.
After the war, the federal government severely punished the tribes for
joining the Confederacy.
Furthermore the practice of slavery was outlawed. Some nations were
integrated racially and otherwise with their slaves, but other nations were
extremely hostile to the former slaves and wanted them exiled from their
territory.
In 1889, the Federal government took back much of the land it had given to
the Indians and on March 23 of that year, President Benjamin Harrison signed
legislation by the the United States Congress which would open up 2 million
acres for white settlement starting on April 22 (it was previously open only
to Native Americans who were forced to leave their homelands), and the first
of a number of land runs began. Some of the state's settlers were called
"Sooners" because they had already staked their land claims before the land
was officially opened for settlement. In 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th
state in the Union.
In the early 1900s the oil business began to get underway. Huge pools of
underground oil were discovered in places like "Glennpool". Many whites
flooded into the state to make money. Many of the 'old money' elite families
of Oklahoma can date their rise to this time. The prosperity of the 1920s
can be seen in the surviving architecture from the period, including one
which was converted into the Philbrook Museum.
During the height of the Great Depression, drought and
non-ecologically-friendly agricultural practices led to the Dust Bowl, when
large tracts of arable land were blown away in massive dust storms. This
forced many small farmers to flee the state altogether. This migration is
chronicled in "The Grapes of Wrath", by John Steinbeck, and also in
photographs by Dorothea Lange. The negative images of the "Okie" as a sort
of rootless migrant laborer living in a near-animal state of scrounging for
food greatly offended many native Oklahomans. Some politicians of Oklahoma
denounced the book (often without reading it) as an attempt to impugn the
morals and character of the people of Oklahoma.
For Oklahoma, the early 1900s were also somewhat turbulent politically. Many
different groups had flooded into the state and were trying to figure out
how to live. There were also "black towns", in which blacks tried to make a
life of their own, separate from whites. The white towns were also
segregated. Northern Tulsa was known as Black Wall Street because of the
vibrant business, cultural, and religious community that had sprung up
there. The Industrial Workers of the World did try to get a little headway,
but didn't make it very far. The Ku Klux Klan was also active, denouncing
Blacks, Catholics, and Jews. There were several race riots, including the
Tulsa Race Riot, one of the worst race riots in American history.
Tensions between whites and Indians seem to have been less violent in the
20th century. The various government sponsored arts, community, and tourism
programs emphasize Oklahoma's Native American heritage heavily.
In 1995 Oklahoma became the scene of the Oklahoma City bombing, in which a
Gulf War veteran named Timothy McVeigh bombed a federal building, killing
168 people.
Law and Government
The capital of the state is Oklahoma City and its governor is Brad Henry.
Oklahoma's two U.S. senators are James M. Inhofe (Republican) and Don
Nickles (Republican). List of Oklahoma Governors.
Geography
Oklahoma is bounded on the north by Kansas and Colorado, on the west and
south by New Mexico and Texas (with part of the Texas border delineated by
the Red River (of the South), and on the east by Missouri and Arkansas.
Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city. As of 2000, the population is
3,450,654.
Economy
Oklahoma is a major fuel and food-producing state. Thousands of oil and
natural gas wells dot the Oklahoma landscape. Millions of white-faced beef
cattle graze on Oklahoma's flat plain and low hills. Fertile fields produce
vast crops of wheat. Its 1999 total gross state product was $86 billion,
placing it 29th in the nation. Its 2000 Per Capita Personal Income was
$23,517, 43rd in the nation. Its agricultural outputs are cattle, wheat,
milk, poultry, and cotton. Its industrial outputs are transportation
equipment, machinery, electric products, rubber and plastic products, and
food processing.
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, the population of Oklahoma is 3,450,654. Its
population grew 9.7% (305,078) from its 1990 levels. According to the 2000
census,
* 76.2% (2,628,434) identified themselves as White,
* 5.2% (179,304) as Hispanic or Latino,
* 7.6% (260,968) as black,
* 1.4% (46,767) as Asian,
* 7.9% (273,230) as American Indian or Alaska Native,
* 0.1% (2,372) as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
* 2.4% (82,898) as other, and
* 4.5% (155,985) identified themselves as belonging to two or more races.
6.8% of its population were reported as under 5, 25.9% under 18, and 13.2%
were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.9% of the population.
Important Cities and Towns
* Oklahoma City * Edmond
* Tulsa * Midwest City
* Norman * Enid
* Lawton * Moore
* Broken Arrow * Stillwater
Education
Colleges and Universities
* Cameron University * Oklahoma State University
* East Central University * Oklahoma Wesleyan University
* Langston University * Oral Roberts University
* Mid-America Bible College * St. Gregory's University
* Northeastern State University * Southeastern Oklahoma State
* Northwestern Oklahoma State University
University * Southern Nazarene University
* Oklahoma Baptist University * Southwestern Oklahoma State
* Oklahoma Christian University University
* Oklahoma City University * University of Central Oklahoma
* Oklahoma Panhandle State * University of Oklahoma
University * University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
* University of Science and Arts of
Oklahoma
* University of Tulsa
Professional Sports Teams
The Minor League Baseball Teams are:
* Oklahoma RedHawks
* Tulsa Drillers
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